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A Digital Integrated Circuit (Digital IC) is a compact electronic device that processes, stores, and manipulates digital signals, typically represented as binary data (0s and 1s). It is composed of numerous interconnected transistors, resistors, and capacitors fabricated on a single semiconductor wafer, usually silicon. Digital ICs serve as the backbone of modern electronics, powering everything from computers and smartphones to automotive systems and industrial automation equipment. They perform essential functions such as logic operations, data conversion, signal processing, and memory storage. With ongoing advancements in semiconductor fabrication and design technologies, digital ICs continue to become smaller, faster, more energy-efficient, and increasingly capable of handling complex computing tasks in a wide range of applications.